How internet really works?

HAVE YOU EVER REALISED HOW INTERNET WORKS... we are using Internet from more than a decade now.

Have you ever had a question in your mind like:

1.Who owns Internet

2. Who invented Internet

3.How Internet reaches my device

I am sure that you had these questions.. so let me enrich your knowledge..

In this era we can be alive for hours together without water and food but not without   INTERNET . its hard to live without internet nowadays, our whole day is spent on internet with many different ways.

Coming to the topic, you might think that it (internet) may come from satellite? NO

but you will be amazed to know that 99% of the internet works on optical fibers[1].

Now you might be thinking that my phone or device is not connected with any wire or optical fiber then how internet works on optical fiber.

Actually, the tower of the network which you are using is connected to these cables. And these cables are laid under sea. We will discuss about this later.

and from tower to your device internet comes in the form of radio waves. your mobile has an in built antenna which receives the radio signals from the respective tower of the network you are using.

This is getting a bit complicated so will start from the beginning. ;)

The internet reaches till you, has to cross three different companies namely 

Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 companies.

So, we will understand it one by one

first comes-

Tier 1 companies-

These are the companies which has laid the optical fibers under the sea water on the sea bed and do the maintenance of these wires.

so, inappropriately they own the internet.

basically these companies invested their money on the laying and maintenance of the wires,

they connected the optical fiber to each continent and each country. And by this whole country is connected to each other.

these below images will give you a better illustration-

Some of the tier 1 companies are-

•  AT&T
• VERIZON
• SPRINT(SOFTBANK BROADBAND)
• NTT/VERIO
• CENTURY LINK
• TATA

There is one website named submarinecable.net which will show you the optical fibers laid all over the world. If you'rE interested then you can check out this website -click here

for sample the below image is the map of optical fiber whose center in India is Mumbai.

Tier 2 companies- 

 So, after reaching to the respective countries the work of tier 2 company begins, these companies have their base servers which are established along the coastal lines as shown above.

and further it is distributed in each state as shown below-

now, if we search or want to visit any foreign website then these tier 2 servers request the tier 2 companies of the county which the website belongs, then that data is traveled through the optical fiber under sea or ocean laid by tier 1 companies. 

basically the work of tier 2 company is distribute the data obtained by optical fiber of tier 1 companies.

Their business model is simple tier 2 companies purchases the internet from tier 1 company and then it is further sold at higher prices to the consumers .

These transactions take place with respect to each GB

 for ex, if tier 2 company buys 1GB for 100$ from tier 1 company

 then the tier 2 company sells it for 200$ per GB to its consumer.

Some of the tier 2 companies popular in India are-

• BSNL
• AIRTEL
• JIO
• MTNL
• TATA COMMUNICATIONS

these are some of the top internet service providers {ISPs} or tier 2 companies in India.

image source: google images

I hope that till now you would have a little bit idea on "how internet really works"

Thank you for reading such a long post..